Mine Tutorial¶
We will make a game inspired by titles such as Dig Dug and Boulder Dash, where the player controls a miner, who digs tunnel in a mine filled with boulders and treasure. The goal is to collect all the treasure without being crushed by a boulder.
We will start with creating and displaying the map of the mine:
import pew
pew.init()
world = pew.Pix.from_iter([
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2],
[1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
])
delay = 1/6
end = False
while not end:
pew.show(world)
pew.tick(delay)
In the above code, we initialize the pew library, create a bitmap
to hold the map of the world, and then, in an infinite loop, display it
and wait for the next frame.
Next we want to display the miner:
import pew
pew.init()
world = pew.Pix.from_iter([
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2],
[1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
])
x = 0
y = 0
blink = True
delay = 1/6
end = False
while not end:
world.pixel(x, y, 3 if blink else 0)
pew.show(world)
pew.tick(delay)
blink = not blink
We define global variables x and y to hold the position of the
miner, and blink to track what color we should display. Then we
just color the pixel at that position depending on the state of
blink, and flip it to the other state.
Next, we will let the player move the miner:
import pew
pew.init()
world = pew.Pix.from_iter([
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2],
[1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
])
x = 0
y = 0
blink = True
delay = 1/6
end = False
while not end:
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
buttons = pew.keys()
while pew.keys():
pew.tick(delay)
dx = 0
dy = 0
if buttons & pew.K_UP:
dy = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_DOWN:
dy = 1
elif buttons & pew.K_LEFT:
dx = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_RIGHT:
dx = 1
if (0 <= x + dx <= 7 and 0 <= y + dy <= 7 and
world.pixel(x + dx, y + dy) != 2):
world.pixel(x, y, 0)
x += dx
y += dy
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
world.pixel(x, y, 3 if blink else 0)
pew.show(world)
pew.tick(delay)
blink = not blink
We will paint the position of the miner with a non-existng color 4 temporarily, so that it will be easier for us later to check various conditions. Later we overwrite it with the blinking color anyways, so this is never visible.
Then we read the state of the buttons, wait for all buttons to be released, and figure out the direction in which we want to move depending on which buttons are pressed.
Then we check if the movement wouldn’t take us outside the screen, horizontally and vertically, and if there isn’t a boulder in the way. If everything is fine, we draw a tunnel where the miner was, and move them to the new position.
Next, we will add pushing of boulders:
import pew
pew.init()
world = pew.Pix.from_iter([
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2],
[1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
])
x = 0
y = 0
blink = True
delay = 1/6
end = False
while not end:
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
buttons = pew.keys()
while pew.keys():
pew.tick(delay)
dx = 0
dy = 0
if buttons & pew.K_UP:
dy = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_DOWN:
dy = 1
elif buttons & pew.K_LEFT:
dx = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_RIGHT:
dx = 1
if (0 <= x + dx <= 7 and 0 <= y + dy <= 7 and
world.pixel(x + dx, y + dy) != 2):
world.pixel(x, y, 0)
x += dx
y += dy
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
elif (dy == 0 and 1 <= x + dx <= 6 and
world.pixel(x + 2 * dx, y + 2 * dy) == 0):
world.pixel(x, y, 0)
x += dx
y += dy
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
world.pixel(x + dx, y + dy, 2)
world.pixel(x, y, 3 if blink else 0)
pew.show(world)
pew.tick(delay)
blink = not blink
We check that the movement is horizontal, that we are not pushing the boulder outside the screen, and that there is an empty space behind the boulder. Then we move both the miner and the boulder.
Finally, we need to add gravity for the boulders, so that they fall down when there is nothing under them.
import pew
pew.init()
world = pew.Pix.from_iter([
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2],
[1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
])
x = 0
y = 0
blink = True
delay = 1/6
end = False
while not end:
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
buttons = pew.keys()
while pew.keys():
pew.tick(delay)
dx = 0
dy = 0
if buttons & pew.K_UP:
dy = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_DOWN:
dy = 1
elif buttons & pew.K_LEFT:
dx = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_RIGHT:
dx = 1
if (0 <= x + dx <= 7 and 0 <= y + dy <= 7 and
world.pixel(x + dx, y + dy) != 2):
world.pixel(x, y, 0)
x += dx
y += dy
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
elif (dy == 0 and 1 <= x + dx <= 6 and
world.pixel(x + 2 * dx, y + 2 * dy) == 0):
world.pixel(x, y, 0)
x += dx
y += dy
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
world.pixel(x + dx, y + dy, 2)
for row in range(7, -1, -1):
for col in range(8):
if world.pixel(col, row) == 2:
if world.pixel(col, row + 1) == 0:
world.pixel(col, row, 0)
world.pixel(col, row + 1, 2)
if world.pixel(col, row + 2) == 4:
end = True
world.pixel(x, y, 3 if blink else 0)
pew.show(world)
pew.tick(delay)
blink = not blink
import supervisor
supervisor.reload()
We iterate over the whole world map, starting from the bottom row-by-row, and going up. Every time we find a boulder, we check if there is an empty space under it. If there is, we move it into that empty space. Since we are going from the bottom up, we will only do this once every frame, so we can see the boulder falling gradually down when there is more space below it.
In addition, if we hit the miner while falling, we end the game by setting the end variable to True. We added a reload at the end of the program, to make sure we can play the game from the beginning.
But boulders only falling down is not that interesting, we also want them to slip sideways if they stand on other boulders and there is empty space on the side.
import pew
pew.init()
world = pew.Pix.from_iter([
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2],
[1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
])
x = 0
y = 0
blink = True
delay = 1/6
end = False
while not end:
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
buttons = pew.keys()
while pew.keys():
pew.tick(delay)
dx = 0
dy = 0
if buttons & pew.K_UP:
dy = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_DOWN:
dy = 1
elif buttons & pew.K_LEFT:
dx = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_RIGHT:
dx = 1
if (0 <= x + dx <= 7 and 0 <= y + dy <= 7 and
world.pixel(x + dx, y + dy) != 2):
world.pixel(x, y, 0)
x += dx
y += dy
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
elif (dy == 0 and 1 <= x + dx <= 6 and
world.pixel(x + 2 * dx, y + 2 * dy) == 0):
world.pixel(x, y, 0)
x += dx
y += dy
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
world.pixel(x + dx, y + dy, 2)
for row in range(7, -1, -1):
for col in range(8):
if world.pixel(col, row) == 2:
if world.pixel(col, row + 1) == 0:
world.pixel(col, row, 0)
world.pixel(col, row + 1, 2)
if world.pixel(col, row + 2) == 4:
end = True
elif world.pixel(col, row + 1) in {2, 3}:
if (world.pixel(col + 1, row) == 0 and
world.pixel(col + 1, row + 1) == 0):
world.pixel(col, row, 0)
world.pixel(col + 1, row, 2)
elif (world.pixel(col - 1, row) == 0 and
world.pixel(col - 1, row + 1) == 0):
world.pixel(col, row, 0)
world.pixel(col - 1, row, 2)
world.pixel(x, y, 3 if blink else 0)
pew.show(world)
pew.tick(delay)
blink = not blink
import supervisor
supervisor.reload()
If there is no empty space below a boulder, we check if it’s another boulder or treasure. If it is, we check the two spaces to the left and to the right – if they are empty, we can move the boulder sideways, and it will fall down in the next frame.
Finally, we need a winning condition. We need to count how many treasures are there left on the map, and end the game when there are none.
import pew
pew.init()
world = pew.Pix.from_iter([
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2],
[1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1],
])
x = 0
y = 0
blink = True
delay = 1/6
end = False
while not end:
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
buttons = pew.keys()
while pew.keys():
pew.tick(delay)
dx = 0
dy = 0
if buttons & pew.K_UP:
dy = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_DOWN:
dy = 1
elif buttons & pew.K_LEFT:
dx = -1
elif buttons & pew.K_RIGHT:
dx = 1
if (0 <= x + dx <= 7 and 0 <= y + dy <= 7 and
world.pixel(x + dx, y + dy) != 2):
world.pixel(x, y, 0)
x += dx
y += dy
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
elif (dy == 0 and 1 <= x + dx <= 6 and
world.pixel(x + 2 * dx, y + 2 * dy) == 0):
world.pixel(x, y, 0)
x += dx
y += dy
world.pixel(x, y, 4)
world.pixel(x + dx, y + dy, 2)
gems = 0
for row in range(7, -1, -1):
for col in range(8):
if world.pixel(col, row) == 3:
gems += 1
elif world.pixel(col, row) == 2:
if world.pixel(col, row + 1) == 0:
world.pixel(col, row, 0)
world.pixel(col, row + 1, 2)
if world.pixel(col, row + 2) == 4:
end = True
elif world.pixel(col, row + 1) in {2, 3}:
if (world.pixel(col + 1, row) == 0 and
world.pixel(col + 1, row + 1) == 0):
world.pixel(col, row, 0)
world.pixel(col + 1, row, 2)
elif (world.pixel(col - 1, row) == 0 and
world.pixel(col - 1, row + 1) == 0):
world.pixel(col, row, 0)
world.pixel(col - 1, row, 2)
if gems == 0:
end = True
world.pixel(x, y, 3 if blink else 0)
pew.show(world)
pew.tick(delay)
blink = not blink
import supervisor
supervisor.reload()